In an impinging air jet, nozzle shape noticeably impacts heat transfer between jet and plate by affecting the velocity profile at the jet exit and thereby potentially modifying the behavior of the air jet vortex structures. This study analyzed the influence of four different injections (0 to 80 mm). They all possess the same free area and the equivalent diameter is D = 9 mm. Experiments have been conducted for Reynolds numbers 192.61< Re<1661.26, for orifice-to-plate distances 0.67 < H/D< 16, and for the temperature of the jet was conducted 115oC. In this effect which is greater in the round shaped orifice was taken. The velocity profile at the jet exit (6.4 and 9.2 m/s), for a distance from the point of impingement (x/D = 0 to 160) presents a shape for the round orifice (0.5 to 3 mm). Thermal results also show that a round orifice on higher heat transfer rate for injections. The measurements of parameters on the behavior of local heat transfer characteristic values on the impingement surface and the effect of the velocity values were discussed. From the results, it was observed that the peak of the heat transfer obtained at the impinging point higher jet velocity of 9.4m/s.

The concept of space identity with human habitation in cognitive geography has been considered in recent decades. This concept is studied in the format land-meaningfulness which is human insight in dealing with space identity and original position of community life. The land-meaningfulness has given to the meanings of human of from space identity meaning and concept that manifests it in the type of social configuration. This research has studied the faulty identity of Qazvin Baghshahr configuration with the noumenonology method and within the framework of the Isfahan school. The gardens around the configuration of Qazvin Bagshahr are a smart and astutely dam against floods. In the configuration of Qazvin Baghshahr, several bio cryptography plexsuses have maintained its sustainability and durability until today. The results of this study are presented in three statements: Some cities of Iran land – context have a faulty identity, such as Qazvin Baghshahr configuration. People of Qazvin Baghshahr configuration have kept this configuration in a sustainable way for 1000 years with the land-meaningfulness which is recognition of space identity through the division of the amount of flood water in the scrolls and documents of water division and the spatial arrangement of fields and gardens. The survival of any geographical phenomenon like Qazvin Baghshahr configuration is the result of the bio cryptographys plexsuses stability and their mechanisms during the 1000-year period.

Background and Aim: Using intra cranial reference lines is inherently unreliable for assessment of anterior-posterior jaw relationships. However, they are being widely used for cephalometric evaluation and diagnosis and treatment planning of orthodontic patient. The aim of this study was to evaluate the correlation of the TH/AB and TH-Wits to the common Horizontal and vertical analyses. Materials and Methods: This cross sectional descriptive study was conducted with 40 adults (20 male, 20 female) who were between 18-24 years-old and had no history of craniofacial disorders. Lateral cephalometries were taken for all patients, using Natural Head Position (NHP). All the cephalograms were taken by the same radiologist and were traced by same person. Two orthodontists approved the results and the kappa statistics was calculated to determin intra-examiner agreement level. Pearson correlation coefficient value was determined between TH-Wits, TH/AB and Horizontal parameters (Wits, Harvold, Wylie, APP-BPP, and ANB angle) and vertical parameters (Sn-GoGn, S-Go/N-Gn, TH-GoGn and sum of posterior angles). The correlation analysis was used in order to determine the relationship between these parameters. Results: The results revealed that the highest correlation in Horizontal direction was observed between TH-Wits, TH/AB; and ANB (0.73) and APP-BPP (0.68 & 0.61). In vertical direction, the highest correlation was demonstrated between TH-Wits, TH/AB; and sum of posterior angles (0.75 & 0.35). Conclusion: In using TH-Wits and TH/AB, the effect of changes in vertical dimension and the lack of significant correlation between these parameters and linear Horizontal analysis should be considered.

Enforcement of public policies is an important concern of most countries, especially developing countries. Weakness of Horizontal policy management and lack of coordination in enforcing these policies are obstacles to achieving this purpose. The article emphasizes on the increasing role of Horizontal coordination in Iran and other countries in the areas of accountability and good governance in government. Religious and national values, including consultation in matters, promotion of good and prevention of evil, and roles of justice and equity in Iranian Islamic society support this theory. Lacking a native Iranian-Islamic model of management and resistance of the state management system to fundamental changes are recognized as important obstacles to Horizontal coordination. The article also emphasizes on coordination between policy-making bodies in the national level, including the executive, judiciary and legislature, in order to achieving Horizontal coordination. Using administrative automation for making administrative systems transparent and attempting to operationalize morals and honesty and hard work based on religious values and national culture are suggested as strategies for strengthening Horizontal coordination within state.

The concept of configuration of groups which is defined in terms of finite partitions and finite strings of elements of the group is presented by Rosenblatt and Willis. To each set of configurations, a finite system of equations known as configuration equations, is associated. Rosenblatt and Willis proved that a discrete group G is amenable if and only if every possible instance of its configuration equations admits a normalized solution. In this paper we compare the existence of such solutions for different systems. We prove that if a system of configuration equations has no normalized solution, then every system related to a refinement of the initial partition, has no normalized solution, as well. The Tarski number of a non-amenable group is the smallest number of the pieces of its paradoxical decompositions. In the present paper we also provide a relation between the Tarski numbers of the subgroups of two configuration equivalent groups.

Purpose: Recognizing canal configuration is necessary for a correct endodontic therapy; and having no information about canal configuration causes failure in therapy. Since one of the most effective factors in canal configuration is race' we decided to have a laboratory and clinical research in Isfahan. The aim is to recognize canal configuration of the mandibular first premolar and compare the clinical and laboratory results.Methods & Materials: 1- Laboratory study (Invitro): At first we selected 127 mandibular first premolar' then we disinfected them in CLONA 5.25%. We made a correct access cavity on the teeth. In order to vacate pulp tissue in chamber and canals, we placed them in H2O2 35% for 15 days. Then we placed them in HNO3 5% for 3 days to be decalcified. Then we used 70%, 90%, 100% isopropyl alchole to dehidrate the teeth. After the above processes we injected India ink in -1.8 P, in canals and sealed access cavity by Zonaline cement, we used the teeth in Metyl Salicylate to make clear. Then, we studied canal configuration. 2- Clinical study (Invivo): In this study we selected 125 mandibular first premolar treated in post graduate and under graduate departments of Isfahan University school of Dentistry. Then we studied every radiograph using a negatoscope, and the data were analysed.Results: 1-Laboratory (invitro) results: Out of 112 mandibular first premolar (researchable), 75 type I (67%),5 type II (4.5%), 13 type III (11.6%), 16 type IV (14.2%) and 3 (2.7%) were out of Weine classification. 2-Clinical (invivo) results: Out of 125 mandibular first premolar, 103 type I (82.4%),3 type II (2.24%), 12 type III (9.66%), 5 type IV (4%) and 2 (1.66%) were out of Weine classification.Conclusion: The out coming results of this study are different from other researches. Perhaps the differences are caused by some factors such as race and method. Also the clinical results are too different from laboratory results which could be due to method. The laboratory study is more exact.

When two fluids with different physical properties, such as air and water, flow in a pipe, different flow patterns may occur. Flow pattern includes the distribution of each phase in respect to the other. In other words, the main property of two-phase flow is the shape of the interface between two fluids, which is due to the physical and hydraulic properties of fluids and flow. The behavior of the flow very much depends on its phase and, hence, very important to verify, which should be done experimentally. An experimental investigation has been carried out to verify different probable flow patterns in long water tunnels and conduits, based on dimensional analysis. Applying dimensional analysis, the most effective dimensionless parameters on flow patterns were found and different flow pattern maps were introduced to find the flow regime for given hydraulic properties. It has been shown that among dimensionless parameters, pipe slope, void fraction and Froude number have the most significant effect on a two-phase flow interface.